| Year | Type | Subject | Location | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1716 |
Baptism |
Pierre-Quemeneur-Dit Laflamme | Saint-Francois, QC |
Vital records |
|
1716 |
Baptism |
Pierre Quemeneur-Laflamme | Saint-Francois, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1745 |
Marriage |
Jean-Pierre Laflamme & Marie-Claire Meric | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1751 |
Baptism |
Pierre Quemeneur-Laflamme |
Vital records |
|
|
1751 |
Baptism |
Js-Pierre Quemeneur-Laflamme | Berthier-sur-Mer, QC |
Vital records |
|
1762 |
Marriage |
Pierre-Noel Quemeneur & Marie-Marguerite Tanguay | Saint-Vallier, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1765 |
Marriage |
Pierre Arnaud-Laflamme & Marie Brien | Montreal, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1777 |
Marriage |
Pierre Quemeneur-Timineur-Laflamme & Marie-Julie Dumont | Boucherville, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1780 |
Marriage |
Pierre Noel-Laflamme & Marie-Marguerite Landier | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1787 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner & Marie-Madeleine Louineau | Saint-Francois-De-La-Riviere-Du-Sud, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1792 |
Marriage |
Pierre Quimeneur-Laflamme & Charlotte Tetro-Ducharme | Saint-Charles-Sur-Richelieu, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1794 |
Marriage |
Pierre-Noel Laflamme & Marie-Modeste Deneault | Montmagny, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1795 |
Baptism |
Pierre Commeneur-Laflamme | Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan, QC |
Vital records |
|
1795 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner & Marie-Madeleine Plante | Saint-Gervais, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1795 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner & Marie-Marguerite Samson | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1795 |
Marriage |
Pierre-Noel Quemeneur & Marie-Louise Cote | Saint-Henri, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1796 |
Baptism |
Pierre Quemeneur-Dit-Laflamme | Saint-Gervais, QC |
Vital records |
|
1796 |
Baptism |
Pierre-Noel Kemner | Saint-Henri, QC |
Vital records |
|
1800 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner-Laflamme & Marie-Rose Destroismaisons | Saint-Pierre-De-La-Riviere-Du-Sud, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1801 |
Baptism |
Pierre-Noel Kemner | Saint-Henri, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1801 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1803 |
Baptism |
Pierre Kemner | Saint-Henri, QC |
Vital records |
|
1803 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laforme & Marie-Genevieve Gagne | Montmagny, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1807 |
Marriage |
Pierre Timineur & Francoise Avon | Vaudreuil-Dorion, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1811 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1811 |
Marriage |
Pierre Thimineur-Laflamme & Julie Dumont | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1812 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Marguerite Fontaine | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1812 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner & Julie Dumont | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1813 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1815 |
Marriage |
Pierre-Noel Kemner & Marie-Modeste Nadeau | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1817 |
Burial |
Pierre Laflamme | Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC |
Vital records |
|
1819 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner & Angelique Labrecque | Saint-Gervais, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1820 |
Baptism |
Pierre Kemner | Saint-Henri, QC |
Vital records |
|
1820 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner-Laflamme & Elisabeth Genest-Labarre | Becancour, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1820 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner & Marie Poirier | Saint-Gervais, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1821 |
Baptism |
Pierre-Felix Laflamme | Nicolet, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1821 |
Marriage |
Pierre Quemeneur-Laflamme & Rosalie-Des-Trois-Maisons Destroimaison-Picard | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1823 |
Baptism |
Pierre-Joseph Laflamme | Nicolet, QC |
Vital records |
|
1823 |
Marriage |
Pierre Timeneur & Marie-Amable Bergeron | La-Presentation, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1825 |
Census |
Pierre Gadreau-Laflamme | Saint- Luc, Lower Canada |
Census of 1825, Lower Canada (Quebec) |
|
1825 |
Census |
Pierre Quemner | Saint- Gervais, Lower Canada |
Census of 1825, Lower Canada (Quebec) |
|
1825 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | De Lery, Lower Canada |
Census of 1825, Lower Canada (Quebec) |
|
abt. 1826 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1826 |
Marriage |
Pierre-Noel Quemneur-Laflamme & Thecle Gosselin | Saint-Henri, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1827 |
Baptism |
Pierre Kemner-Dit-Laflamme | Saint-Henri, QC |
Vital records |
|
1827 |
Baptism |
Pierre Laflamme |
Vital records |
|
|
abt. 1827 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1827 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
1827 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Marguerite Quirion | Perce, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1828 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Francoise Blondin | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1829 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1829 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1829 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1829 |
Marriage |
Pierre Quimineur-Laflamme & Marie Daunais | Marieville, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1830 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
1831 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | De Lery, Lower Canada |
Census of 1831, Lower Canada (Quebec) |
|
abt. 1832 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1833 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1833 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner-Laflamme & Marie Boissel | Saint-Michel-De-Bellechasse, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1835 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner-Laflamme & Marie Poirier | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1835 |
Marriage |
Pierre-Noel Kemner-Laflamme & Marie-Apolline Vallee | L'islet, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1835 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Apolline Vallee | Saint-Jean-Port-Joli, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1836 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Marie Poirier | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1837 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1840 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Rose Picard | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1841 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1841 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1842 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
1842 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Henri, Lower Canada |
Census of 1842, Canada East (Quebec) |
|
1842 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Joseph de la Pointe-Levis, Lower Canada |
Census of 1842, Canada East (Quebec) |
|
abt. 1843 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1843 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
1843 |
Marriage |
Pierre Quemeneur-Laflamme & Marguerite Garant | Saint-Henri, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1844 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1844 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
1845 |
Marriage |
Pierre Leboeuf-Laflamme & Zoe Valiere | Montreal, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1847 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kimener-Laflamme & Elmire Geoffrion | Saint-Damase, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1847 |
Marriage |
Pierre Quemeneur-Laflamme & Catherine Lemieux | Saint-Henri, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1849 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1849 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner-Laflamme & Restitue Clement-Labonte | Saint-Gervais, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1850 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Marie-Louise-Leocadie Duchesneau | Saint-Francois-De-La-Riviere-Du-Sud, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1850 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Mathilde Monet | Saint-Hyacinthe, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1851 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme-Leboeuf & Angelique Chapleau | Montreal, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1852 |
Burial |
Pierre Kemleur-Laflamme |
Vital records |
|
|
abt. 1853 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
1854 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Elizabeth Langlois | Perce, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1855 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1855 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1855 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
1855 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Elizabeth Sweeney | Perce, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1855 |
Burial |
Pierre-Thaddee Laflamme | Saint-Hyacinthe, QC |
Vital records |
|
1856 |
Baptism |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint-Henri, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1856 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1856 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1856 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
abt. 1856 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1857 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1857 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1858 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme-Leboeuf & Marie Paquet-Lavallee | Montreal, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1859 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Rose Miette | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1860 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1860 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner-Laflamme & Henriette Seven | Sainte-Claire, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1861 |
Baptism |
Pierre Laflamme |
Vital records |
|
|
1861 |
Baptism |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint-Jude, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1861 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1861 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1861 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1861 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1861 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1861 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1861 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
1864 |
Marriage |
Pierre Kemner-Laflamme & Adele Bisson | Saint-Raphael, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1865 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1865 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Elmire Gore | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1865 |
Marriage |
Pierre-Honore Laflamme & Emma Lebel | Quebec, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1866 |
Baptism |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint-Jude, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1866 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1866 |
Marriage |
Pierre Vandandaigue & Elizabeth Godard | Laval, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1866 |
Burial |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint-Jude, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1867 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1867 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1867 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Phemie Fleuri | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1867 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Rachel Sweeney | Barachois, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1867 |
Burial |
Pierre Hemneur-Laflamme | Saint-Gabriel, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1868 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1868 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1868 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1868 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
1869 |
Baptism |
Joseph-Pierre Laflamme | Saint-Lazare, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1869 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1869 |
Marriage |
Pierre Thimmineur-Dit-Laflamme & Emilie Proulx | Papineauville, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1869 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Leocadie Denis-Lapierre | Saint-Gervais, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1869 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Louise Quesnel | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1870 |
Baptism |
Pierre-Joseph-Alfred Laflamme | Quebec, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1873 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1873 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1873 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
1873 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Philomene Breton | Bernierville, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1875 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1876 |
Baptism |
Pierre Laflamme |
Vital records |
|
|
abt. 1876 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1876 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
1876 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Adeline Nadeau | Sainte-Henedine, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1876 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Victoire Grignon | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
1876 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Marguerite Gosselin | Saint-Vallier, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1876 |
Burial |
Pierre-Arthur-Ephrem Laflamme | Quebec, QC |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1877 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
abt. 1877 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1877 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1877 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1878 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1878 |
Birth |
Pierre Kemner | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1878 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1878 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1878 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
abt. 1879 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1879 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Celine Glaude | Undetermined location |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1880 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1880 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Marie-Louise Arpin | Sutton, Qc |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1881 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1881 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Ezilda Lariviere | Saint- Hyacinthe (Town), QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Ham North, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Julien-de-Wolfestown, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Marceline Laflamme | Sainte- Anastasie, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Philomene Laflamme | Halifax North, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Leon-de-Standon, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Catherine Laflamme | Halifax South, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Sylvestre, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Restitud Laflamme | Saint- Lazare, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Sainte- Marguerite, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Kemner | Saint- Lazare, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Buckland East, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Germain and Lac-Etchemin, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Bernard, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Sainte- Claire, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Edouard, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Emelie Praula | Sainte- Angelique, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Sainte- Angelique, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Mary's Ward, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Angelique Laflamme | Saint- James Ward, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Marie Laflamme | Saint- Mary's Ward, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Hyacinthe (Town), QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Dunham Village, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Pierre-de-la-Malbaie, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Riviere-au-Renard, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Angele Laflamme | Saint- Pierre-de-la-Malbaie, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Francois, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Francois, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Saint- Francois, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme & Adele Laflamme | Saint- Vallier, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Beaumont, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Grande-Vallee, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
1881 |
Census |
Pierre Laflamme | Perce, QC |
Census of Canada, 1881 |
|
abt. 1882 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1891 |
|
abt. 1882 |
Birth |
Piere Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
1882 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Celina Micheau | Biddeford, Me |
Vital records |
|
abt. 1883 |
Birth |
Pierre Laflamme | Undetermined location |
Census of Canada, 1931 |
|
1883 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Angelique Guerin | Montreal, Qc |
Vital records |
|
1883 |
Marriage |
Pierre Laflamme & Philomene Simard | Saint-Francois-De-La-Riviere-Du-Sud, Qc |
Vital records |
Contact us
Write to us
P.O.Box 62007 CP La Pérade
3440 Ch.des Quatre-Bourgeois
Products & services
About YourFolks.com
Contact us
Write to us
P.O.Box 62007 CP La Pérade
3440 Ch.des Quatre-Bourgeois
